interleukin-6; IL-6; B-cell stimulatory factor 2; BSF-2; CTL differentiation factor; CDF; hybridoma growth factor; interferon beta-2; IFN-beta-2 (IL6, IFNB2)
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Function
- IL6 is one of a few cytokines that appears to function, in part, via systemic effects[1]
- stimulates final stages of B-lymphocyte maturation
- stimulates maturation of megakaryocytes[12]
- stimulates hepatocyte synthesis of acute-phase proteins
- down-regulates IL-1; up-regulates IL-1ra
- induces nerve cell differentiation
- IL-6 is secreted in response to activation of beta-adrenergic receptors through sympathetic stimulation or adrenaline, or in response to binding of IL-1 or TNF-alpha to their receptors
- centrally administered IL-1 induces peripheral IL-6 secretion via opioid receptor-mediated pathways
- circulating concentrations of IL-6 increase by several orders of magnitude during development of fever
Structure
- N-glycosylated & O-glycosylated
- belongs to the IL-6 superfamily
Compartment
- secreted, plasma, CSF
- IL-6 is transported across the blood brain barrier
Expression
- IL-6 is produced within the CNS by microglia & perhaps neurons & astrocytes
Pathology
- induces myeloma & plasmacytoma growth
- genetic variations in IL6 are associated with susceptibility to systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
- chronic inflammation associated with elevated serum IL6 (> 2 ng/L) increases risk of mortality[11]
Polymorphism
- genetic variations in IL-6 may be correlated with bone mineral density
- at least 1 polymorphism in the IL-6 gene renders HIV- infected men susceptible to Kaposi sarcoma
- polymorphism(s) in IL6 may be associated with human longevity[10]
Physiology
- IL-6 described as a beneficial myokine induced by high-intensity interval training or resistant training found to suppress cancer cell growth in vitro in survivors of breast cancer[13]
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hopkins SJ & Rothwell NJ Cytokines and the nervous system. I: Expression and recognition. TINS 18:83 1995 PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7537419
- ↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998
- ↑ Entrez Gene http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=3569
- ↑ UniProt http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P05231.html
- ↑ R&D systems' cytokine mini-reviews: IL-6 http://www.rndsystems.com/molecule_detail.aspx?m=1648
- ↑ Wikipedia; Note: interleukin-6 entry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/interleukin_6
- ↑ SeattleSNPs http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/il6/
- ↑ SHMPD; Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database http://shmpd.bii.a-star.edu.sg/gene.php?genestart=A&genename=IL6
- ↑ Atlas of Genetics & Cytogenetics in Oncology & Haematology http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/genes/IL6ID519ch7p15.html
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Soerensen M et al Evidence from case-control and longitudinal studies supports associations of genetic variation in APOE, CETP, and IL6 with human longevity. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22234866
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Akbaraly TN et al Chronic inflammation as a determinant of future aging phenotypes. CMAJ September 16, 2013 <PubMed> PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24043651 <Internet> http://www.cmaj.ca/content/early/2013/09/16/cmaj.122072
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Burstein SA, Mei RL, Henthorn J, Friese P, Turner K. Leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-11 promote maturation of murine and human megakaryocytes in vitro. J Cell Physiol. 1992 Nov;153(2):305-12. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1429851
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Bettariga F, Taaffe DR, Crespo-Garcia C et al A single bout of resistance or high-intensity interval training increases anti-cancer myokines and suppresses cancer cell growth in vitro in survivors of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2025 Aug;213(1):171-180. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40608178 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
Database
- Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=3569
- Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:3569
- OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/147620
- OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/148000
- OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/604302
- UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P05231.html