NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
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Indications
- proposed as anti-aging substance[1]
- supplementation with NAD+ in humans[5][6] does not seem to confirm significant anti-aging effect
Mechanism of action
- product of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
Comparative biology
- NAD+ activates SIRT1 activity[1]
- increases capillary density & blood flow in skeletal muscle of old mice via activation of SIRT1
- NAD-booster NMN mimics & augments exercise by inhibiting NICD-NOTCH (in mice)[2]
- increases endurance in old mice[2]
- NAD+ is depleted in mouse models for Alzheimer's disease (AD)[4]
- NAD+ precursor supplementation partially attenuates AD pathology in mice
- NAD+ precursors may also produce supraphysiologic NAD+ levels that promote cancer[4]
* also see investigational treatment of Alzheimer's disease
More general terms
Additional terms
- citric acid cycle, Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid [TCA] cycle
- electron transport
- nicotinamide (a vitamin B3, NMN)
- nicotinamide mononucleotide
Component of
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Imai S A possibility of nutriceuticals as an anti-aging intervention: activation of sirtuins by promoting mammalian NAD biosynthesis. Pharmacol Res. 2010 Jul;62(1):42-7 PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20085812 Free PMC Article
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Das A, Huang GX, Bonkowski MS et al. Impairment of an endothelial NAD+ -H2S signaling network is a reversible cause of vascular aging. Cell 2018 Mar 22; 173:74-89 PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29570999
- ↑ Rajman L, Chwalek K, Sinclair DA. Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence. Cell Metab. 2018 Mar 6;27(3):529-547. Review. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29514064
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Chaubey K et al Pharmacologic reversal of advanced Alzheimer's disease in mice and identification of potential therapeutic nodes in human brain. Cell Reports Medicine. 2025 Dec 22. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41435831 https://www.cell.com/cell-reports-medicine/fulltext/S2666-3791(25)00608-1
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Yi L, Maier AB, Tao R et al The efficacy and safety of beta-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo- controlled, parallel-group, dose-dependent clinical trial. Geroscience. 2023 Feb;45(1):29-43. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36482258 PMCID: PMC9735188 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9735188/
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Freeberg KA, Udovich CC, Martens CR et al Dietary Supplementation With NAD+-Boosting Compounds in Humans: Current Knowledge and Future Directions. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2023 Dec 1;78(12):2435-2448. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37068054 PMCID: PMC10692436 Free PMC article. Review. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10692436/