gait speed
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Introduction
also see gait evaluation
Clinical significance
- normal gait speed is > ~0.9 meters/second (see gait evaluation)
- gait speed < 0.56 meters/second is associated with increased risk of falls[3]
- gait speed is the best predictor of survival in the elderly[1]
- also predicts disability, long-term nursing home placement
- better predictor than grip strength
- characteristic of prefrailty
- gait speed better predictor of frailty than step length or chair rise time[7]
- slower gait speed at age 45 is associated with:[3]
- self-reported physical limitations
- faster aging, assessed by biomarkers (BMI & cardiorespiratory fitness)
- accelerated facial aging (assessment of facial photographs)
- smaller total brain volume, thinner meaner cortex, smaller total brain surface area[3]
- orthostatic hypotension[5]
Management
- individualized, supervised, exercise program
Additional terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Studenski S, Perera S, Patel K Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA. 2011 Jan 5;305(1):50-8 PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21205966
- ↑ Peel NM, Kuys SS, Klein K. Gait speed as a measure in geriatric assessment in clinical settings: a systematic review. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013 Jan;68(1):39-46. Review. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22923430
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Geriatric Review Syllabus, 10th edition (GRS10) Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2019
- ↑ LJH, Caspi A, Ambler A et al Association of Neurocognitive and Physical Function With Gait Speed in Midlife./ JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(10):e1913123. Oct 11 PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31603488 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2752818
Studenski S Gait Speed Reveals Clues to Lifelong Health. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(10):e1913112. Oct 11 PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31603481 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2752811 - ↑ 5.0 5.1 Briggs R, Donoghue OA, Carey D et al. What is the relationship between orthostatic blood pressure and spatiotemporal gait in later life? J Am Geriatr Soc 2020 Jun; 68:1286 PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32170869 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jgs.16379
- ↑ Middleton A, Fritz SL, Lusardi M.Middleton A, Fritz SL, Lusardi M. Walking speed: the functional vital sign. J Aging Phys Act. 2015 Apr;23(2):314-22. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24812254 PMCID: PMC4254896 Free PMC article. Review.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Schoon Y, Bongers K, Van Kempen J, Melis R, Olde Rikkert M. Gait speed as a test for monitoring frailty in community-dwelling older people has the highest diagnostic value compared to step length and chair rise time. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2014 Dec;50(6):693-701. Epub 2014 Jul 31. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25077426 Free article.
- ↑ Callisaya ML, Launay CP, Srikanth VK et al Cognitive status, fast walking speed and walking speed reserve-the Gait and Alzheimer Interactions Tracking (GAIT) study. Geroscience. 2017 Apr;39(2):231-239. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28374167 PMCID: PMC5411364 Free PMC article.
- ↑ Jung HW, Jang IY, Lee CK et al Usual gait speed is associated with frailty status, institutionalization, and mortality in community-dwelling rural older adults: a longitudinal analysis of the Aging Study of Pyeongchang Rural Area. Clin Interv Aging. 2018 Jun 6;13:1079-1089. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29922046 PMCID: PMC5995421 Free PMC article.
- ↑ Studenski S, Perera S, Patel K et al Gait speed and survival in older adults. JAMA. 2011 Jan 5;305(1):50-8. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21205966 PMCID: PMC3080184 Free PMC article.