wearable device

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Introduction

Device such as Apple watch or event recorder paired with system of data collection & analysis worn during activities of daily living to capture & analyze real-time physiologic & behavioral data.

used in surveillance of patients during illness
- analytic model using increase in heart rate & decrease in sleep activity^[1]
used to evaluate arrhythmias
- used to assess heart rate & rhythm at rest & during exercise*
may be useful for identification of mild cognitive impairment in elderly with subjective cognitive complaints
- combination of Apple watch & iPhone able to detect mild cognitive impairment^[4]
- collected data included typing dynamics, speech, activity, & heart rate^[4]

* reasonably accurate at measuring heart rate during rest in sinus rhythm but less accurate during atrial fibrillation or exercise^[3]

use of deidentified data from wearable-sensor databases can enhance tracking of seasonal influenza^[1]
use of wearable device may predict heart failure readmissions^[2]
- adhesive sensor is worn on the chest
- sensor collects electrocardiographic data & measurements of skin impedance, temperature, activity, & posture
- datais uploaded them to a cloud server via smartphone
- machine learning used to create individualized baseline standards & an algorithm to generate a clinical alert
- clinical alert predicts heat failure hospitalization within 10 days with a sensitivity of 76% when specificity was set at 85%^[2]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Radin JM et al. Harnessing wearable device data to improve state-level real-time surveillance of influenza-like illness in the USA: A population-based study. Lancet Digit Health 2020 Feb; 2:E85. Not indexed in PubMed
Viboud C, Santillana M. Fitbit-informed influenza forecasts. Lancet Digit Health 2020 Feb; 2:E54.
Ellison RT Flu Tracking with Wearable Technology. NEJM Journal Watch. Jan 30, 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society (subscription needed) http://www.jwatch.org https://www.jwatch.org/na50736/2020/01/30/flu-tracking-with-wearable-technology
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Stehlik J, Schmalfuss S, Bozkurt B et al. Continuous wearable monitoring analytics predict heart failure hospitalization: The LINK-HF multicenter study. Circ Heart Fail 2020 Mar; 13:e006513 PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32093506 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006513
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Quinn R, Leader N, Lebovic G, Chow CM, Dorian P Accuracy of wearable heart rate monitors during exercise in sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024 Mar 26; 83:1177-1179. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38508851 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0735109724002286
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Butler PM et al. Smartwatch- and smartphone-based remote assessment of brain health and detection of mild cognitive impairment. Nat Med 2025 Mar; 31:829 PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40038507 PMCID: PMC11922773